明星2014国语

好莱坞，“我生命之光，我欲念之火。我的罪恶，我的灵魂。”好莱坞是毒药，好莱坞是魔鬼，它可以让你欲仙，也可以让你欲死。它是现代社会棱镜中最扎眼的色彩，也是埋葬过气潮流最沉寂的坟墓。在贝弗利山脚下，有人狂喜，有人大哭。有人撅一下红唇就笼上了巨星的声名，有人跑了十多年的腿还是默默无闻的龙套。声色犬马的赛璐璐迷梦撞上严酷残忍的明星养成制度，真实与虚妄相遇在好莱坞上空相遇，成就了这里既浪漫又怵人的魔幻现实主义氛围，也成就了大卫•柯南伯格《星图》里难以捉摸又引人入胜的古怪风格。

当好莱坞编剧布鲁斯•瓦格纳把自己写于上世纪90年代的剧本呈现在加拿大人面前的时候，他承认，只有柯南伯格才能拍出好莱坞“一切以成名为最高”的癫狂感。从本质上来说，《星图》是一个讽刺性的文本，不论是为取得角色不断向自己施压从而产生幻觉的哈瓦纳（朱利安•摩尔饰演）、自童星起家过早沾染不良习气的本杰（伊万•柏德饰演），还是因兼任经纪人和母亲双重身份情绪崩溃的韦斯太太（奥利维亚•威廉姆斯饰演），在电视上大谈精神减压却无法处理父女问题的韦斯先生（约翰•库萨克饰演），都在名利的荆棘路上磕绊得满身是血。他们过上了优渥甚至奢侈的生活，也多少都被抑郁和妄想缠绕。他们在公众场合口若悬河地开着只有圈内人才懂的玩笑话，恣意地分享着私密龌龊的八卦，却也会在下一秒成为他人口中的段子和谈资，被不知从哪里放出的冷箭射中要害。《星图》由好莱坞明星故事出发，探寻剖析明星制度下被异化的心理世界，为这个疯狂的时代做了一次轻松的精神分析。

虽然讲的是好莱坞故事，《星图》剧组只在洛杉矶呆了五天（这是柯南伯格生平第一次在美国取景），其余的拍摄均在多伦多完成。不过为了增强真实感，洛杉矶的戏份把好莱坞所有的标志性景点统统装进了镜头：罗迪欧大道、马尔蒙庄园酒店、星光大道……多伦多戏份中，则尽量强调对阳光加州的无差别模仿，几乎每一个外景里都能见到棕榈树的身影。

光有现实主义可不是柯南伯格的风格，他的拿手好戏，是在看似平常的生活中加入诡谲和荒诞。《星图》中不乏幻觉、撞鬼等超现实段落，就连明星家庭内部装潢和建筑风格本身，都强调一种不真实的迷幻感：韦斯一家极度现代的豪宅中，零零星星地点缀着几处简约的家具，被无限拓展的空间展现出其空虚的一面，从视觉上给人造成了难以摆脱的无力感。韦斯先生和他的明星主顾哈瓦纳，都是东方神秘主义哲学的笃信者，世俗追求与心灵净化间难以弥合的矛盾，也让人物的情绪时刻呈现出一种窒息的撕裂感。电影中令人印象深刻的一幕，身着运动背心的哈瓦纳一边摆出盘腿冥想的姿势，一边在和经纪人的免提通话中得知自己选角不成的坏消息，再深刻的禅意也无法阻止她的爆发，清风吹拂铃铛发出的叮咚声，最终被淹没在她毫无节制的狂嚎中。

好莱坞的金子招牌永远吸引着少男少女们奋不顾身的追随，《星图》中的初到洛杉矶的少女阿加莎（米亚•华西科沃斯卡饰演）和专业开车业余写作的杰罗姆（罗伯特•帕丁森饰演）便是其中的代表。比起那些已在星光大道上留下手印的明星，这些游走在外围的个体似乎更懂得生命中爱与被爱的意义：阿加莎希望抛弃她的父母能原谅她多年前疯狂举动，杰罗姆则希望用写作证明自己的才华。也许在这里，柯南伯格试图打造两具具有人情味的肉身，在狂热后留下节制，在荒唐中留下希望。不过，也许导演的乐观情绪太过浓重，电影前半段通过人物、场景、音效建构起来的讽刺批判体系却在结尾处滑向了平庸，连珠炮似的令人亢奋的对白，也不是时候地变成了柔情蜜意的以身相许：阿加莎和本杰分别偷来了父母的婚戒，办家家一般套在了彼此的无名指上。最终，一路都十足带劲的《星图》在一个软绵绵的烂尾处戛然而止。

原载于2014.6月刊《电影世界》

1.我没看过电影
2.译得很烂

Lost Souls

by Anthony Lane


The new David Cronenberg movie, “Maps to the Stars,” takes place in Los Angeles. Some of it was filmed there, too—the first occasion on which the director, who seldom roams beyond his own back yard of Canada, has shot a movie in the United States. One scene unfolds on Rodeo Drive, outside a clothing store where a character has just spent eighteen thousand dollars. The sight of Cronenberg and his crew setting up there, in broad daylight, must have seemed not merely unsettling but, to any Hollywood residents who were passing by, downright unhealthy. I’m surprised they didn’t call the cops or, better yet, an epidemiologist. When the guy who made “Rabid” and “The Fly” turns up in town, there’s no accounting for the damage he might see, or show, or do.
      大卫•柯南伯格新片《星图》的故事发生在洛杉矶，部分拍摄内容也在洛杉矶完成。作为一个几乎不会离开他加拿大后院的导演，这是他第一部在美国拍摄的电影。有一幕戏开始于罗迪欧大道的一家服装店外，而参加拍摄的一个演员刚在里面花了1万8千美元。柯南伯格和他的团队在清晨布置的这个场景，看起来必然像是未经布置的，但对于路过的好莱坞的居民来说，这个场景显然是奇怪的。我惊异于他们没有打电话给警察，亦或是，更好一些的，精神病学家。当拍摄了《狂犬病》和《苍蝇》的人出现在了城里，他可能看见、展示、制造的破坏就无可估量了。

The woman with the fancy clothes is Havana Segrand (Julianne Moore), an actress who, if not washed up, is drifting in with the tide. She had a famous mother named Clarice Taggart (Sarah Gadon), also an actress, who died in a conflagration and now keeps appearing, youthful and uncharred, before Havana’s eyes—in the bathtub, say, or on the massage table. This begs for therapy, which in Havana’s case means stripping to her underwear and submitting to Stafford Weiss (John Cusack), a shamanistic shrink who will rub away your painful memories as if they were spasms of lumbago. Havana’s sex life comprises a desultory threesome and a quickie in the back seat of a car. What she truly desires is a new personal assistant—or “chore whore,” to use her fragrant term. A contender arrives, in the shape of Agatha (Mia Wasikowska), who comes recommended by Carrie Fisher (“I met her on Twitter”). Agatha wears long black gloves, which conceal scars from a house fire. She gets the job.
     穿着花哨衣服的女人是哈瓦娜•舍格兰德（朱莉安•摩尔饰），一名女演员，如果没能洗澡，她也会换上干净衣服。她有一个明星母亲，也是一名演员，叫克莱莉丝•塔格特（莎拉•加顿饰），死于一场火灾，现在却在哈瓦娜泡澡或是做按摩的时候时时出现在她眼前。她出现的时候外貌依然年轻，也未曾被火灾损毁。这需要治疗，对哈瓦娜来说，这意味着扒光了自己并服从于斯塔福德•韦斯（约翰•库萨克饰），一个萨满教精神治疗师，他会像消除腰部痉挛一样消除你的痛苦记忆。哈瓦娜的性生活充满了乱七八糟的3P和车震。她真正渴望的是一个新的私人助理——或是“家妓”来使用她的芳香术语。一个名为阿加莎（米娅•华希科沃斯饰）的女人通过凯丽•费舍的推荐（“我在Twitter上认识了她”）得到了这个职位，她穿着黑色长袍，掩盖了由于火灾而生的伤疤。

All this lies within scorching distance of parody: an occupational hazard, as Nathanael West realized, for anyone facing up to Hollywood. Overkill comes with the territory. That is why “Sunset Boulevard” begins with a corpse, bobbing in a pool, and proceeds to an old dame who keeps a stuffed ape in a casket, and that is why Cronenberg introduces us to the delightful Benjie (Evan Bird), the star of the hit comedy “Bad Babysitter,” who is fresh out of rehab and calls his agent a “Jew faggot.” Benjie is thirteen. “Three hundred thousand a week—I was nine years old. How psychotic is that?” he says. Cronenberg-watchers will twitch with anticipation; he has always been drawn to the smell of psychosis, like a wasp to a picnic.
    所有东西都存在于对火灾距离的拙劣模仿当中：正如纳撒尼尔•韦斯特所说的，这是一个在好莱坞人人都需要面对的职业性危害，这片土地伴随着极大的杀伤力。这是为什么《日落大道》故事开始于一具湖中浮尸，并进展到一个老妇人把一只吃撑了的猩猩放在棺材里，这也是为什么柯南伯格让我们看见快乐的本杰（伊文•伯德），热门喜剧《坏保姆》里的明星，他二次走红并称他的经纪人为“犹太同性恋”。本杰13岁，他说：“30万一周——在我9岁的时候，这是怎样的神经病啊！”关注柯南伯格的人怀着期待颤抖着，他也经常被刻画为带着神经病的味道，就像只盯着野餐的黄蜂。

The mood at the start is thick not with mystery, as in David Lynch’s “Mulholland Drive,” but with exasperation, as we struggle to work out who is related—or helplessly clamped—to whom. Hence the recurring theme of incest, which is another kind of parody: the heinous contortion of romantic love. Agatha announces that her parents were brother and sister, and she herself is reunited, under intense conditions, with a long-lost sibling. As for Havana, she pitches aggressively for a role first played by her late mother (who at one point appears naked in her bed). She loses the part and howls like Antigone, then gets it back—because her rival has suffered a death in the family—and skips around, chanting, like a little girl. Throughout this near-insanity, Cronenberg keeps his cool, to the brink of refrigeration. In terms of camera movements, he is the king of underkill. When Stafford, the self-help guru who cannot help himself, thumps a defenseless woman and slings her out of the house, we crawl stealthily in her wake, toward the open door.
     影片一开头的气氛沉郁但并不神秘，正如大卫•林奇《穆赫兰道》，但当我们试图理清一个人与另一个人的联系——或是一个人对另一个人无助地依附时，则却愈发令人烦躁。另一种拙劣模仿是关于乱伦主题的再现：对罗曼蒂克之爱情十恶不赦的曲解。阿加莎声称，她的父母是兄妹，她自己是一对失散多年的血亲在热情之下重新结合的结果。对哈瓦娜来说，她强烈地争取饰演她去世的母亲演过的一个角色（在戏中曾有在床上裸露的镜头）。她放弃了这一部分，像安提歌涅那样哀嚎，她取得了这个角色（因为她的对手正好家中有人去世），然后她绕圈跳着，咏唱着，像小女孩一样。通过这近乎疯狂到冰封的边缘，柯南伯格保持了他的冷静。而在移动拍摄上，他是低量杀伤之王。当斯塔福德，这个自救宗教导师没办法自救的时候，他重击了一个缺乏抵抗力的妇女并把她扔出了房子，我们无情地看着她醒来，爬向开着的房门。

Why, then, does “Maps to the Stars” fail to compel as it should? In part, I think, because Viggo Mortensen has spoiled us. His great performances for Cronenberg, in “A History of Violence” and “Eastern Promises,” reminded us that the director is at his strongest when he has a hero to haul us through whatever nightmare has been laid on. That was true of James Woods in “Videodrome” and Jeremy Irons in “Dead Ringers,” both of them masterly figures who seemed nonetheless at the mercy of instinctual drives, whereas someone like Havana is less well poised; she is the dupe of her foolish appetites, and that’s that. Moore holds nothing back, and the result makes a splendidly noisy companion piece to her Oscar-winning turn in “Still Alice,” but Havana, on her own, can’t hold the story together. I wanted more both of Cusack, who is genuinely frightening, with his heavy tread, his black garb, and his clown-white face, and of Robert Pattinson, who plays a chauffeur named Jerome Fontana—a downgrade from his leading role in Cronenberg’s “Cosmopolis,” where he lounged in the back of a limo. Why not have Jerome, a ready-jaded hopeful, steer us into Hollywood’s dark vales?
    话说回来，为什么《星图》没有取得它应有的效果呢？一方面，我认为，因为维果•莫特森把我们宠坏了。他在柯南伯格《暴力史》和《巨塔危机》中的伟大表演让我们忆起，当这名导演拥有一个英雄帮忙走出他安放的任何梦魇时，他才是最强的。詹姆斯•伍德在《录像带谋杀案》和杰瑞米•艾恩斯在《孽扣》中也同样如此，这两位精湛地表演了看似在慈悲的冲动驱使下的人，然而哈瓦娜这样的演员却没能很好地抓住人物特征，她被她愚蠢的嗜好所欺骗，那就只是那样。摩尔没有作任何保留，结果就是和她在折桂之作《依然爱莉丝》中的表现相比，这真是一个非常聒噪的对比。哈瓦娜自己也不能一起掌控这个故事。我想从库萨克和罗伯特•帕丁森那里得到更多，前者通过他沉重的步伐、黑色的衣服和小丑妆扮营造了真正的恐惧，后者从领衔主演柯南伯格《大都市》时还懒洋洋地躺在在豪华轿车后座上，在本片中就屈尊饰演了一位司机。为什么不是杰罗姆（罗伯特•帕丁森），一个对“怀有希望”这件事情已经完全疲倦了的人，带领我们进入好莱坞黑暗的溪谷呢？

There is another issue here. According to Cronenberg, the script for “Maps to the Stars,” by Bruce Wagner, began life more than twenty years ago, and it shows. When Jerome says to Agatha that he’s thinking of converting to Scientology, “just as a career move,” it’s a nice line, but it’s also a reboot of a joke in Robert Altman’s “The Player,” where a studio executive goes to A.A. not because he has a drink problem but because “that’s where all the deals are being made these days.” Doubtless, Wagner’s work has been through many morphings and refinements, yet there remains a nagging sense that the finished film lags behind the times. The truth is that, in 2015, Havana would be lucky to play a second-string intergalactic queen for Marvel, and Benjie’s agent would already be positioning him as the Spider-Man of 2020.
    还有另一个争议。柯南伯格说，由布鲁斯•瓦格纳撰写的《星图》剧本，故事发生在20多年以前，而他也是这么进行拍摄的。当杰罗姆对阿加莎说，他打算转信山达基教，“就像是职业生涯的前行”。这是一个很好的线路，但这也是对罗伯特•奥特曼《玩家》中一个笑话的重现。《玩家》中有一个执行制片打算AA，不是因为他不能喝，而是因为“这些天这里每天都有很多交易发生”。无疑，瓦格纳的工作经过了许多的改变和提炼，因此残余了一些觉得电影落后于真实时间的烦人感觉。事实上，2015年的时候，哈瓦娜已经幸运地成为《奇迹》中星际女王的替补演员，而本杰的经纪人已经让他在2020年饰演《蜘蛛侠》。

As a portrait of the movie industry, “Maps to the Stars” pales beside the fire of a film like Robert Aldrich’s “The Big Knife,” from sixty years ago, which had everything: a Clifford Odets screenplay you could sear yourself on, Jack Palance in his tortured prime, and, as the studio boss, Rod Steiger, with his silk-soft croon and a startling thatch of bright hair. (So that’s where Javier Bardem sprang from in “Skyfall.”) Cronenberg, bereft of Aldrich’s will to attack, is more surgeon than satirist. We go to his work not for digs and jibes but for steady incisions into the ills of the flesh, or the pains of the spirit, and “Maps to the Stars” is at its most potent and beautiful by far when it becomes a ghost story—when the departed, not just Havana’s mother, return to quiz the living. That makes an ideal twist for Hollywood, a place both besotted with and dismissive of its past. More important, these spectral scenes suggest new ground for Cronenberg. He went there, fleetingly, in “The Dead Zone.” Time for another visit.
    作为对电影业的一个描述，《星图》在罗伯特•阿尔德里奇60年前的电影《大刀》面前稍显逊色，后者包含了所有的内容：克利福德•奥德茨那能让你燃烧起来的剧本，杰克•帕兰斯最受折磨的全盛时期，还有作为工作室老板的罗德•斯泰格尔，他那蚕丝般柔软的轻吟浅唱和那惊人的乱蓬蓬的头发（这也是哈维尔•巴登在《007：大破天幕杀机》里模仿的对象）。柯南伯格剥离了阿尔德里奇的目的去抨击，更像是一个外科医生而非讽刺作家。我们欣赏他的作品更多是从对病灶的切除或是对精神上的痛苦的感悟，而不是挖掘与讽刺。目前为止，《星图》作为一部幽灵故事，是强大而美好的——当故去的人，不仅仅是哈瓦娜的母亲，试着回到世间生活的时候。这是对好莱坞理想化的扭曲，这里是一个同时包含了对过去的沉醉和轻蔑的地方。更重要的是，这些鬼魅的场景暗示了格南伯格的另一部电影。他飞快地走到那里，那是《死亡区域》，另一位访客的时间到了。

　　好莱坞虽然还不足百岁，却已足够在星光大道的上千巴掌印之外，积蓄着太多让追梦者迷乱的灵魂。譬如在杜比剧院对面那座作为第一届奥斯卡颁奖现场的罗斯福酒店里，就有很多住客声称“曾见过玛丽莲.梦露的灵魂”，而她成名前的第一套商业广告，确实就在这里的泳池拍摄。幸好，这些“撞鬼”经历大多还算香艳浪漫，不至像山下洛杉矶Down town那个倒霉的蓝可儿。
　
　与大卫.林奇也曾惊艳戛纳电影节的《穆赫兰道》相似，当《星图 》中来自佛罗里达的少女阿加莎（米娅·华希科沃斯卡饰）踏上礼车司机（罗伯特·帕丁森饰）的后座时，也如同《穆赫兰道》里追梦者贝蒂（娜奥米·沃茨饰）看见Hollywood几个大字时一样，她们开始进入并触碰着这个奇异甚至阴暗的灵魂世界。

　　71岁的大卫.柯南伯格非常对得起马丁.斯科塞斯赐予他的嘉奖，“介于超现实主义者路易斯·布努埃尔和理性主义者弗兰西斯·培根之间的艺术家”。他继续着所有作品里弥漫的那种神秘主义气息，在地理上确凿的贝弗利山、星光大道之中，渗透出似乎不属于这个星球的捉摸不透情绪，这些情绪，连带超现代的建筑、氛围空灵的配乐和精致冷峻的镜头，将裹挟故事里的角色加冕上一层诡异的光晕。

　　其实，总投资不到1300万美元却云集诸多明星的此片，也在摄制外景地上做了些漂亮诡计。全片绝大部分在摄制成本低很多的多伦多完成，只有5天时间在洛杉矶取景。为此，柯南伯格选择在夏季拍摄，因为那时多伦多的棕榈树看上去很像洛杉矶，而那些唯有多伦多才有的超现代风格医院和私宅，更适应《星图》中的灵魂栖息。非常意外的是，尽管在洛杉矶拍摄的5天极为关键，这竟然是柯南伯格拍摄生涯中第一次在美国取景。

　　编剧Bruce Wagner虽然是一位职业小说家，却照着柯南伯格的风格，贡献了一个彻底原创的剧本。由于这样一个家庭故事置身好莱坞并围绕浮华的名流文化，时不时飘出的明星名字和行为八卦，也就能惹得观众哄堂大笑，并将影片表层意涵导向一种讽刺的指向坐标上。

　　故事里相对戏份较大些的主角阿加莎，并不是到好莱坞追梦的少女，相反她是回归一个拒绝她的家庭。因为儿时，绝非正常儿童的她，一把火少了近亲结婚的父母豪宅，也因此才被送至佛罗里达独自长大。如今，她的父亲桑福德（约翰·库萨克饰）已经是一位依靠心灵鸡汤式的成功学畅销书大红特红的作家，并兼任一些好莱坞名流的精神治疗师，但那些心灵脆弱的女星一味相信那个遥远的喇嘛时，他却清晰那个地方从不免费（Not free, but expensive），至少在亚马逊的产品上很贵；母亲维斯（奥莉维亚·威廉姆斯饰）则会经常情绪崩溃，躲在浴缸里嚎哭，并把一门心思都砸在那个因主演《坏蛋小保姆》而早早成名的13岁儿子本杰（伊万·伯德饰）身上。本杰已经被好莱坞养尊处优的生活惯坏了，按部就班的去重症病房看望他的小粉丝，却根本分不清也不关心他们究竟患何种绝症，直至被死去孩子的幽灵困扰。柯南伯格建立了一个有着巨大漂亮院落和高科技家具的问题家庭，相信没有观众真想过上这样奢华却可怕的日子。

　　另一边受困扰的，是一个阴阳两隔的明星家庭。桑福德的理疗客人哈瓦娜（朱丽安·摩尔饰）是个好久没接戏的演员，桌上搁着一尊某年的奥斯卡最佳女配角奖。而她那曾经真正大牌的明星母亲克莱莉斯（莎拉·加顿饰），则是困扰这所房子的又一个幽灵。女星哈瓦娜邂逅并雇佣了问题少女阿加莎，起初的愉悦和顺利，渐次被纠缠于两个家庭的幽灵力量干涉，并引至毁灭深渊。

　　神秘主义的意象，在毁灭到来前愈发加强，提供着可供观众多维度解读的多条出路。这么一来，从表层的讽刺好莱坞生活，到深层一些的心里问题机制，《星图》也就建立起一套奇妙而又语焉不详的能指和所指符号系统。当然，柯南伯格以好莱坞为样本，塑形精神分析维度的方法以及背后相应的叙事策略，注定还是远不及大卫.林奇的心理惊悚杰作《穆赫兰道》，但又为迷离错乱的好莱坞星空添上漂亮的一笔幻彩。

「Isn't it pathetic enough that you want to play me? You hate me. That yet you are desperate to be me?」


「Love is stronger than death.」


「Liberté
On my school notebooks
On my desk and on the trees
On the sands of snow
I write your name

On the pages I have read
On all the white pages
Stone, blood, paper or ash
I write your name

On the images of gold
On the weapons of the warriors
On the crown of the king
I write your name

On the jungle and the desert
On the nest and on the brier
On the echo of my childhood
I write your name

On all my scarves of blue
On the moist sunlit swamps
On the living lake of moonlight
I write your name

On the fields, on the horizon
On the birds’ wings
And on the mill of shadows
I write your name

On each whiff of daybreak
On the sea, on the boats
On the demented mountaintop
I write your name

On the froth of the cloud
On the sweat of the storm
On the dense rain and the flat
I write your name

On the flickering figures
On the bells of colors
On the natural truth
I write your name

On the high paths
On the deployed routes
On the crowd-thronged square
I write your name

On the lamp which is lit
On the lamp which isn’t
On my reunited thoughts
I write your name

On a fruit cut in two
Of my mirror and my chamber
On my bed, an empty shell
I write your name

On my dog, greathearted and greedy
On his pricked-up ears
On his blundering paws
I write your name

On the latch of my door
On those familiar objects
On the torrents of a good fire
I write your name

On the harmony of the flesh
On the faces of my friends
On each outstretched hand
I write your name

On the window of surprises
On a pair of expectant lips
In a state far deeper than silence
I write your name

On my crumbled hiding-places
On my sunken lighthouses
On my walls and my ennui
I write your name

On abstraction without desire
On naked solitude
On the marches of death
I write your name

And for the want of a word
I renew my life
For I was born to know you
To name you

Liberty.

—— Paul Éluard, Liberté, 1942」

从头到尾都鲜亮却诡异，连Cusack都有种拉皮还是Botox过多的不自然，人人自危的心理困境。

Julianne Moore 总能撑起任何片子，越来越有点Isabelle Huppert的感觉了。不疯魔，不成活，隐约仿佛重回93年的<Short cuts>，可惜片子水准还是差了不少。

日光之下，没什么新鲜事了，猎奇博眼球，也是用力过度吧。